CREATE FUNCTION name ( [ ftype [, ...] ] )
RETURNS rtype
[ WITH ( attribute [, ...] ) ]
AS definition
LANGUAGE 'langname'
CREATE FUNCTION name ( [ ftype [, ...] ] )
RETURNS rtype
[ WITH ( attribute [, ...] ) ]
AS obj_file , link_symbol
LANGUAGE 'C'
The name of a function to create.
The data type of function arguments. The input types may be base or complex types, or opaque. opaque indicates that the function accepts arguments of an invalid type such as char *.
The return data type. The output type may be specified as a base type, complex type, setof type, or opaque. The setof modifier indicates that the function will return a set of items, rather than a single item.
An optional piece of information about the function, used for optimization. The only attribute currently supported is iscachable. iscachable indicates that the function always returns the same result when given the same input values (i.e., it does not do database lookups or otherwise use information not directly present in its parameter list). The optimizer uses iscachable to know whether it is safe to pre-evaluate a call of the function.
A string defining the function; the meaning depends on the language. It may be an internal function name, the path to an object file, an SQL query, or text in a procedural language.
This form of the AS clause is used for dynamically-linked, C language functions when the function name in the C language source code is not the same as the name of the SQL function. The string obj_file is the name of the file containing the dynamically loadable object, and link_symbol, is the object's link symbol which is the same as the name of the function in the C language source code.
may be 'C', 'sql', 'internal' or 'plname', where 'plname' is the name of a created procedural language. See CREATE LANGUAGE for details.
CREATE FUNCTION allows a Postgres user to register a function with a database. Subsequently, this user is treated as the owner of the function.
Refer to the chapter in the PostgreSQL Programmer's Guide on extending Postgres via functions for further information on writing external functions.
Use DROP FUNCTION to drop user-defined functions.
Postgres allows function "overloading"; that is, the same name can be used for several different functions so long as they have distinct argument types. This facility must be used with caution for internal and C-language functions, however.
Two internal functions cannot have the same C name without causing errors at link time. To get around that, give them different C names (for example, use the argument types as part of the C names), then specify those names in the AS clause of CREATE FUNCTION. If the AS clause is left empty then CREATE FUNCTION assumes the C name of the function is the same as the SQL name.
When overloading SQL functions with C-language functions, give each C-language instance of the function a distinct name, and use the alternative form of the AS clause in the CREATE FUNCTION syntax to ensure that overloaded SQL functions names are resolved to the correct dynamically linked objects.
A C function cannot return a set of values.
To create a simple SQL function:
CREATE FUNCTION one() RETURNS int4
AS 'SELECT 1 AS RESULT'
LANGUAGE 'sql';
SELECT one() AS answer;
answer
------
1
This example creates a C function by calling a routine from a user-created shared library. This particular routine calculates a check digit and returns TRUE if the check digit in the function parameters is correct. It is intended for use in a CHECK contraint.
CREATE FUNCTION ean_checkdigit(bpchar, bpchar) RETURNS bool
AS '/usr1/proj/bray/sql/funcs.so' LANGUAGE 'c';
CREATE TABLE product (
id char(8) PRIMARY KEY,
eanprefix char(8) CHECK (eanprefix ~ '[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{5}')
REFERENCES brandname(ean_prefix),
eancode char(6) CHECK (eancode ~ '[0-9]{6}'),
CONSTRAINT ean CHECK (ean_checkdigit(eanprefix, eancode))
);
This example creates a function that does type conversion between the user defined type complex, and the internal type point. The function is implemented by a dynamically loaded object that was compiled from C source. For Postgres to find a type conversion function automatically, the sql function has to have the same name as the return type, and overloading is unavoidable. The function name is overloaded by using the second form of the AS clause in the SQL definition
CREATE FUNCTION point(complex) RETURNS point
AS '/home/bernie/pgsql/lib/complex.so', 'complex_to_point'
LANGUAGE 'c';
The C decalaration of the function is:
Point * complex_to_point (Complex *z)
{
Point *p;
p = (Point *) palloc(sizeof(Point));
p->x = z->x;
p->y = z->y;
return p;
}
Note: PSM stands for Persistent Stored Modules. It is a procedural language and it was originally hoped that PSM would be ratified as an official standard by late 1996. As of mid-1998, this has not yet happened, but it is hoped that PSM will eventually become a standard.
CREATE FUNCTION name
( [ [ IN | OUT | INOUT ] type [, ...] ] )
RETURNS rtype
LANGUAGE 'langname'
ESPECIFIC routine
SQL-statement