.\" $NetBSD: postinstall,v 1.83.2.4 2022/06/14 10:27:32 martin Exp $ .\" .\" Copyright (c) 1999-2004 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. .\" All rights reserved. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS .\" ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED .\" TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR .\" PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS .\" BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR .\" CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF .\" SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS .\" INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN .\" CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) .\" ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE .\" POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. .\" Once you've got the operating system running, there are a few things you need to do in order to bring the system into a properly configured state. The most important steps are described below. .(enum Before all else, read .Xr postinstall 8 . .It Configuring .Pa /etc/rc.conf .Pp If you or the installation software haven't done any configuration of .Pa /etc/rc.conf .Ic ( sysinst normally will), the system will drop you into single user mode on first reboot with the message .Pp .Dl /etc/rc.conf is not configured. Multiuser boot aborted. .Pp and with the root file system .Pq Pa / mounted read-only. When the system asks you to choose a shell, simply press .Key RETURN to get to a .Pa /bin/sh prompt. If you are asked for a terminal type, respond with . .ds termtype vt220 . .ie \n[hp300] \{\ .ds termtype hp300h .Ic \*[termtype] for a local console, or whatever is appropriate for your serial console. .\} .el \{\ .ie \n[macppc] \{\ .ds termtype vt100 .Ic \*[termtype] (or whatever is appropriate for your terminal type) .\} .el \{\ .ie \n[pmax] \{\ .ds termtype termtype the correct terminal type as discussed in the .Sx Once you've booted the diskimage section. .\} .el \{\ .ie \n[sparc]:\n[sparc64] \{\ .ds termtype sun .Ic \*[termtype] for a local console, or whatever is appropriate for your serial console (some systems display garbage with a .Ic \*[termtype] terminal type, you may need to use .Ic sun-ss5 ) .ds termtype sun .\} .el \{\ .Ic \*[termtype] (or whatever is appropriate for your terminal type) .\} .\} .\} .\} and press .Key RETURN . You may need to type one of the following commands to get your delete key to work properly, depending on your keyboard: .Dl # Ic "stty erase '^h'" .Dl # Ic "stty erase '^?'" At this point, you need to configure at least one file in the .Pa /etc directory. You will need to mount your root file system read/write with: .Dl # Ic "/sbin/mount -u -w /" Change to the .Pa /etc directory and take a look at the .Pa /etc/rc.conf file. Modify it to your tastes, making sure that you set .Li rc_configured=YES so that your changes will be enabled and a multi-user boot can proceed. Default values for the various programs can be found in .Pa /etc/defaults/rc.conf , where some in-line documentation may be found. More complete documentation can be found in .Xr rc.conf 5 . .Pp When you have finished editing .Pa /etc/rc.conf , type .Ic exit at the prompt to leave the single-user shell and continue with the multi-user boot. .Pp Other values that may need to be set in .Pa /etc/rc.conf for a networked environment are .Ar hostname and possibly .Ar defaultroute . You may also need to add an .Ar ifconfig_int for your .Aq int network interface, .ie \n[mac68k] \{\ where your on-board, NuBus or PDS interface may be .Li ae0 , .Li mc0 or .Li sn0 . For example: .\} .el \{\ .ie \n[macppc] \{\ where your on-board interfaces may be one of .Li mc0 , .Li bm0 , .Li tlp0 or .Li gem0 . For example: .\} .el along the lines of .\} .Pp . .ds IFname le0 .if \n[acorn32] .ds IFname ei0 .if \n[amd64] .ds IFname wm0 .if \n[arc] .ds IFname sn0 .if \n[cats] .ds IFname tlp0 .if \n[evbarm] .ds IFname fxp0 .if \n[hppa] .ds IFname ie0 .if \n[hpcmips] .ds IFname ne0 .if \n[hpcsh] .ds IFname ne0 .if \n[i386] .ds IFname wm0 .if \n[landisk] .ds IFname re0 .if \n[mac68k] .ds IFname sn0 .if \n[macppc] .ds IFname mc0 .if \n[next68k] .ds IFname xe0 .if \n[prep] .ds IFname pcn0 .if \n[sandpoint] .ds IFname tlp0 .if \n[sgimips] .ds IFname sq0 .if \n[shark] .ds IFname cs0 .if \n[sparc64] .ds IFname hme0 .if \n[x68k] .ds IFname ne0 . .Dl ifconfig_\*[IFname]="inet 192.0.2.123 netmask 255.255.255.0" .Pp or, if you have .Ar myname.my.dom in .Pa /etc/hosts : .Pp .Dl ifconfig_\*[IFname]="inet myname.my.dom netmask 255.255.255.0" .Pp To enable proper hostname resolution, you will also want to add an .Pa /etc/resolv.conf file or (if you are feeling a little more adventurous) run .Xr named 8 . See .Xr resolv.conf 5 or .Xr named 8 for more information. .Pp Instead of manually configuring networking, DHCP can be used by setting .Li dhcpcd=YES in .Pa /etc/rc.conf . .if \n[shark] \{\ .It Select the proper terminal devices .Pp You will have to edit the .Pa /etc/ttys file and change the console terminal type from vt100 to pc3. .\} .if \n[atari] \{\ .It Select the proper terminal devices .Pp You will have to edit the .Pa /etc/ttys file. If you don't have a Milan, you must disable the .Pa ttyEx devices. For the Milan, you will have to disable the .Pa ttyex devices. This is easy, just change 'on' to 'off' on the corresponding lines. .\} .if \n[cats] \{\ .Pp For the .Xr savecore 8 facility to work with the a.out and elf kernel images supplied with \*M installations you will need to set .Li savecore_flags="-z -N /netbsd" .\} .if \n[sparc]:\n[sparc64] \{\ .It Select the proper terminal devices .Pp If you are using a serial console, you will have to edit the .Pa /etc/ttys file and change .if \n[sparc] sun .if \n[sparc64] sun-ss5 to the appropriate terminal type, such as vt220. .\} .It Logging in .Pp After reboot, you can log in as .Li root at the login prompt. If you didn't set a password in .Ic sysinst , there is no initial password. You should create an account for yourself (see below) and protect it and the .Dq root account with good passwords. By default, root login from the network is disabled (even via .Xr ssh 1 ) . One way to become root over the network is to log in as a different user that belongs to group .Dq wheel (see .Xr group 5 ) and use .Xr su 1 to become root. .It Adding accounts .Pp Use the .Xr useradd 8 command to add accounts to your system. Do not edit .Pa /etc/passwd directly! See .Xr vipw 8 and .Xr pwd_mkdb 8 if you want to edit the password database. .if !\n[sun2] \{\ .It The X Window System .Pp If you installed the X Window System, you may want to read the chapter about X in the .Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/docs/guide/en/chap-x.html "NetBSD Guide" : .if \n[hp300] \{\ Also, you may want to read through the .Nx*M .Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/ports/hp300/faq.html#x11 "FAQ entry on X11" . .\} .if \n[mac68k] \{\ .(tag [Color_X] .It [Color_X] Some systems are capable of supporting a color X Server in either thousands or millions of colors. The \*M port does not support resolution switching at this time. If your system is capable of running the color X Server it can be installed at this point and the Booter options can be modified to match the resolution depth. .tag) .\} .\} .It Installing third party packages .Pp If you wish to install any of the software freely available for .Ul systems you are strongly advised to first check the .Nx package system, pkgsrc. pkgsrc automatically handles any changes necessary to make the software run on .Nx . This includes the retrieval and installation of any other packages the software may depend upon. .Pp .(bullet More information on the package system is available at .Lk https://www.NetBSD.org/docs/software/packages.html .It A list of available packages suitable for browsing is at .Lk https://cdn.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/current/pkgsrc/README.html .It Precompiled binaries can be found at .Lk https://cdn.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/packages/NetBSD/ usually in the .Pa \*M/\*V/All subdir. If you installed .Xr pkgin 1 in the .Ic sysinst post-installation configuration menu, you can use it to automatically install binary packages over the network. Assuming that .Pa /usr/pkg/etc/pkgin/repositories.conf is correctly configured, you can install them with the following commands: .Pp .Bd -unfilled .Ic # pkgin install tcsh .Ic # pkgin install bash .Ic # pkgin install perl .Ic # pkgin install apache .Ic # pkgin install kde .Ic # pkgin install firefox \&... .Ed .(Note Some mirror sites don't mirror the .Pa /pub/pkgsrc directory. .Note) .Pp The above commands will install the Tenex-csh and Bourne Again shells, the Perl programming language, Apache web server, KDE desktop environment and the Firefox web browser as well as all the packages they depend on. .It If you did not install it from the .Ic sysinst post-installation configuration menu, the .Xr pkgsrc 7 framework for compiling packages can be obtained by retrieving the file .Lk https://cdn.NetBSD.org/pub/pkgsrc/stable/pkgsrc.tar.gz . It is typically extracted into .Pa /usr/pkgsrc (though other locations work fine) with the commands: .Pp .Dl # Ic "cd /usr" .Dl # Ic "tar -zxpf pkgsrc.tar.gz" .Pp After extracting, see the .Pa doc/pkgsrc.txt file in the extraction directory (e.g., .Pa /usr/pkgsrc/doc/pkgsrc.txt ) for more information. .bullet) .It Misc .(bullet Edit .Pa /etc/mail/aliases to forward root mail to the right place. Don't forget to run .Xr newaliases 1 afterwards. .It Edit .Pa /etc/rc.local to run any local daemons you use. .It Many of the .Pa /etc files are documented in section 5 of the manual; so just invoking .Pp .Dl # Ic man 5 Ar filename .Pp is likely to give you more information on these files. .bullet) .enum)